Human alpha and beta papillomaviruses use different synonymous codon profiles
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Synonymous Codon Substitution Matrices
Observing differences between DNA or protein sequences and estimating the true amount of substitutions from them is a prominent problem in molecular evolution as many analyses are based on distance measures between biological sequences. Since the relationship between the observed and the actual amount of mutations is very complex, more than four decades of research have been spent to improve mo...
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We analyzed synonymous codon usage patterns of the mitochondrial genomes of 43 parasitic platyhelminth species. The relative synonymous codon usage, the effective number of codons (NC) and the frequency of G+C at the third synonymously variable coding position were calculated. Correspondence analysis was used to determine the major variation trends shaping the codon usage patterns. Among the mi...
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In most bacteria, synonymous codons are not used with equal frequencies. Different factors have been proposed to contribute to codon usage preference, including translational selection, GC composition, strand-specific mutational bias, amino acid conservation, protein hydropathy, transcriptional selection and even RNA stability. The review discusses these factors and their contribution to bias i...
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Selection pressures on proteins are usually measured by comparing homologous nucleotide sequences (Zuckerkandl and Pauling 1965). Recently we introduced a novel method, termed `volatility', to estimate selection pressures on protein sequences from their synonymous codon usage (Plotkin and Dushoff 2003, Plotkin et al 2004a). Here we provide a theoretical foundation for this approach. We derive t...
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In human reticulocytes, the critical balancing of alpha- and beta-globin synthesis may be controlled in part by differential translation of the three major adult globin messenger RNAs (mRNAs), alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta. In this study, we determined, as a parameter of translational efficiency, the relative ribosome loading of these three mRNAs. Using oligonucleotide probes specific for the alph...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Virus Genes
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0920-8569,1572-994X
DOI: 10.1007/s11262-010-0451-1